History of Tsurugaoka Castle（工事中）
更新日：2026年2月9日
History of Tsurugaoka Castle
Tsurugaoka Castle is said to have been first built by Muto Nagamori in the early Muromachi period, and was formerly known as Daihoji Castle. After the fall of the Muto （Daihoji） clan, it was ruled by the Echigo Uesugi clan. In 1601, it became the base for the Mogami clan of Yamagata to control the Shonai region, and two years later it was renamed Tsurugaoka Castle. After the Mogami clan was abolished in 1622, Sakai Tadakatsu entered the area from Matsushiro, Shinshu. The Sakai clan ruled the area for 12 generations and approximately 250 years until the abolition of the feudal domains and the establishment of prefectures in 1871, and Tsurugaoka Castle was the Sakai clan's residence during their reign.
出羽国庄内鶴岡城絵図（鶴岡市郷土資料館蔵）
Structure and Features of Tsurugaoka Castle ～鶴ヶ岡城の構造と特徴～
Tadakatsu began expanding the castle, building a new Sannomaru （third bailey）, and underwent renovations over three generations and approximately 50 years. During this process, the layout of the castle town was also revised, and this layout still remains in Tsuruoka's downtown area today.
Tsurugaoka Castle is a flat-floored castle with the Honmaru （main bailey） at its center and the Ninomaru （second bailey） and Sannomaru （third bailey） concentrically surrounding each with earthworks and moats. The centerpiece of the castle is the Honmaru Palace, a single-story building measuring 3,000m2 （approx. 2,200m2）, which includes a living room, black and white shoin （study rooms）, a Noh stage, and more. The Ninomaru bailey housed a horse riding ground and a storehouse for weapons, while the Sannomaru bailey housed approximately 180 samurai residences, the domain school Chidokan （chief school）, seven storehouses, and stables.
In addition, a two-story, two-storey corner tower （Inui Tower） was built in the northwest corner of the main citadel, a similar Tatsumi Tower was built in the southeast corner of the second citadel, and defensive facilities were constructed such as a corner horse-shed at the main gate, a masugata gate at the middle gate, an outer masugata （round horse-shed） at the west gate, and a horse-shed moat （Nanatsugura） at the outer north gate.Only the lower parts of the turrets and gates were made of stone walls around the castle; the majority was made of earthen ramparts, on top of which stretched an endless canopy wall with alternating gun slits and arrow slits.To the east of the castle, the Uchikawa River, which flows north and south through the city, served as a moat, and to the south, the Hyakuma Moat, built using the old riverbed, and to the north, a reservoir further strengthened the defenses.
忠勝は、城の拡張整備に着手し、新たに三の丸を設けるなど、三代、約50年に亘る改修を行い、その過程で城下町の町割りも整備され、今もなお鶴岡の中心市街地にはこの際の町割りが残っております。
鶴ヶ岡城は、本丸を中心に同心円状に二の丸と三の丸が取り囲み、各々に土塁と堀を巡らした輪郭式平城です。城の中心となるのは、平屋建て923坪の本丸御殿で、中には御居間・黒書院・白書院・能舞台などがありました。二の丸には、馬場、御兵具土蔵などが、三の丸には、約180軒の侍屋敷、藩校致道館、七ツ蔵、御厩などが設けられました。
また、本丸北西隅に二層二階の御隅櫓（乾櫓）が、二の丸南東隅には同様に巽櫓が設けられたほか、城門は大手門に角馬出、中の門に桝形門、西御門に外桝形（丸馬出）、外北御門に馬出曲輪（七ツ蔵）といった防御施設が築かれました。城の周囲で石垣積みになっていたのは櫓と門の下部のみで、大部分は土塁が築かれ、その上に鉄砲狭間と矢狭間を交互に穿った笠塀が延々と続き、城の東側では市内を南北に流れる内川が堀の役目を果たし、南側では旧河道を利用し設けた百間堀が、北側では溜池が更に守りを固めておりました。
出典 大瀬欽哉「城下町鶴岡」庄内歴史調査会発行 加工編集
鶴ヶ岡城大手門（明治初期 写真 鶴岡市郷土資料館蔵）
鶴ヶ岡城中の門（明治初期 写真 鶴岡市郷土資料館蔵）
鶴ヶ岡城二の丸御角櫓（明治初期 写真 鶴岡市郷土資料館蔵）
Demolition of Tsurugaoka Castle and development of Tsuruoka Park～鶴ヶ岡城の解体と鶴岡公園の整備～
In September 1868, the Shonai Domain surrendered in the Boshin War and handed over Tsurugaoka Castle to the new government forces. Subsequently, in 1876, in accordance with the castle demolition order, all buildings within the castle were demolished, most of the earthworks were demolished, and the moat was filled in, creating the new Tsuruoka Park, which is open to the public. The following year, residents commemorated the good governance of the Sakai family and built Shonai Shrine, dedicated to the clan's founder, on the site of the main keep within Tsuruoka Park. The head of the Sakai family is still loved as the lord and lives in Tsuruoka to this day.
1868年9月、庄内藩は戊辰戦争で降伏し、鶴ケ岡城を新政府軍に明け渡しました。その後、城郭取り壊し令により1876年に城内の全建築物の破却、大部分の土塁の取り壊し、堀の埋め立てが行われ、新たに一般開放の鶴岡公園となりました。翌年には、住民が酒井家の善政を追慕し、鶴岡公園内の本丸跡に藩祖を祀る荘内神社が住民により建立されました。酒井家当主は、今もなお殿様と慕われ、鶴岡の地に住んでおられます。
城絵図と空中写真の重ね図
Historical information sign at Ninomaru Square in Tsuruoka Park～鶴岡公園二の丸広場の歴史案内サイン～
Historical Information Sign - Tsurugaoka Castle Ninomaru Ruins～歴史案内サイン_鶴ヶ岡城二の丸跡～
歴史案内サイン_金峯石
Kinpuseki stone excavated next to Ninomaru Square in Tsuruoka～鶴岡公園二の丸広場脇で出土した金峯石～
Kinpu stone was excavated during gas pipe installation work as part of a Yamagata prefecture road improvement project next to the Ninomaru Square in Tsuruoka Park.
As the site is located in the outer moat of the Ninomaru of Tsurugaoka Castle, it is presumed that the stone was used in the stone walls of the Ninomaru.
鶴岡公園二の丸広場脇における山形県の街路整備事業に伴うガス管布設工事の際に金峯石が出土しました。
当該箇所は、鶴ヶ岡城二の丸の外堀に位置することから、二の丸の石垣に使用されたものと推定されます。
出土した金峯石
金峯石出土状況 （令和4年9月2日 撮影）
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鶴岡市役所 都市計画課
〒997-8601 山形県鶴岡市馬場町9番25号
電話：0235-35-1315
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